Psalms 136 — WBMSE

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136Alleluia. Acknowledge ye to the Lord, for he is good; for his mercy is[into] without end. (Alleluia. Give ye thanks to the Lord, for he is good; for his love is forever.)^{Verse 2}Acknowledge ye to the God of gods. (Give ye thanks to the God of gods.)^{Verse 3}Acknowledge ye to the Lord of lords. (Give ye thanks to the Lord of lords.)^{Verse 4}Which alone maketh great marvels. (Who alone doeth marvellous deeds, or great miracles.)^{Verse 5}Which made heavens by understanding. (Who made the heavens by his wisdom.)^{Verse 6}Which made steadfast [the] earth on waters. (Who made the earth firm upon the waters.)^{Verse 7}Which made great lights. (Who made the great lights.)^{Verse 8}The sun into the power of the day. (The sun to have power over the day.)^{Verse 9}The moon and the stars into power of the night. (The moon and the stars to have power over the night.)^{Verse 10}Which smote Egypt with the first engendered things of them. (Who struck down the first-born of the Egyptians.)^{Verse 11}Which led out Israel from the midst of them. (Who led out Israel from their midst.)^{Verse 12}In a mighty hand, and in an high arm. (Yea, with a mighty hand, and a powerful arm.)^{Verse 13}Which parted the Red Sea into partings. (Who divided the Red Sea, or the Sea of Reeds, in two.)^{Verse 14}And led out Israel through the midst thereof.^{Verse 15}And he cast adown Pharaoh and his power, or virtue, in the Red Sea. (And he threw down Pharaoh, and his host, or his army, into the Red Sea, or the Sea of Reeds.)^{Verse 16}Which led over his people through desert. (Who led his people through the wilderness.)^{Verse 17}Which smote great kings. (Who struck down great kings.)^{Verse 18}And killed strong kings.^{Verse 19}Sihon, the king of Amorites.^{Verse 20}And Og, the king of Bashan.^{Verse 21}And he gave the land of them to be heritage. (And he gave their land for an inheritance to his people.)^{Verse 22}Heritage to Israel, his servant. (Yea, for an inheritance to his servant Israel.)^{Verse 23}For in our lowness he had mind on us. (For he remembered us in our defeat./For he remembered us when we were brought down so very low.)^{Verse 24}And he again-bought us from our enemies. (And he redeemed us, or he rescued us, from our enemies.)^{Verse 25}Which giveth meat to each flesh. (Who giveth food to all his creatures.)^{Verse 26}Acknowledge ye to the God of heaven. Acknowledge ye to the Lord of lords; for his mercy is[into] without end. (Give ye thanks to the God of heaven. Give ye thanks to the Lord of lords; for his love is forever.)

Commentary

Like the preceding Psalm, this Psalm allies itself to the Book of Deuteronomy. Psa 136:2 and Psa 136:3 (God of gods and Lord of lords) are taken from Deu 10:17; Psa 136:12 (with a strong hand and stretched-out arm) from Deu 4:34; Deu 5:15, and frequently (cf. Jer 32:21); Psa 136:16 like Deu 8:15 (cf. Jer 2:6). With reference to the Deuteronomic colouring of Psa 136:19-22, vid., on Psa 135:10-12; also the expression "Israel His servant" recalls Deu 32:36 (cf. Psa 135:14; Psa 90:13), and still more Isa 40:1, where the comprehension of Israel under the unity of this notion has its own proper place. In other respects, too, the Psalm is an echo of earlier model passages. Who alone doeth great wonders sounds like Psa 72:18 (Psa 86:10); and the adjective "great" that is added to "wonders" shows that the poet found the formula already in existence. In connection with Psa 136:5 he has Pro 3:19 or Jer 10:12 in his mind; תּבוּנה, like חכמה, is the demiurgic wisdom. Psa 136:6 calls to mind Isa 42:5; Isa 44:24; the expression is "above the waters," as in Psa 34:2 "upon the seas," because the water is partly visible and partly invisible מתּחת לארץ (Exo 20:4). The plural אורים, luces, instead of מארות, lumina (cf. Eze 32:8, מאורי אור), is without precedent. It is a controverted point whether אורת in Isa 26:19 signifies lights (cf. אורה, Psa 139:12) or herbs (Kg2 4:39). The plural ממשׁלות is also rare (occurring only besides in Psa 114:2): it here denotes the dominion of the moon on the one hand, and (going beyond Gen 1:16) of the stars on the other. בּלּילה, like בּיּום, is the second member of the stat. construct.

Up to this point it is God the absolute in general, the Creator of all things, to the celebration of whose praise they are summoned; and from this point onwards the God of the history of salvation. In Psa 136:13 גּזר (instead of בּקע, Psa 78:13; Exo 14:21; Neh 9:11) of the dividing of the Red Sea is peculiar; גּזרים (Gen 15:17, side by side with בּתרים) are the pieces or parts of a thing that is cut up into pieces. נער is a favourite word taken from Exo 14:27. With reference to the name of the Egyptian ruler Pharaoh (Herodotus also, ii. 111, calls the Pharaoh of the Exodus the son of Sesostris-Rameses Miumun, not Μενόφθας, as he is properly called, but absolutely Φερῶν), vid., on Psa 73:22. After the God to whom the praise is to be ascribed has been introduced with ל by always fresh attributes, the ל before the names of Sihon and of Og is perplexing. The words are taken over, as are the six lines of Psa 136:17-22 in the main, from Psa 135:10-12, with only a slight alteration in the expression. In Psa 136:23 the continued influence of the construction הודוּ ל is at an end. The connection by means of שׁ (cf. Psa 135:8, Psa 135:10) therefore has reference to the preceding "for His goodness endureth for ever." The language here has the stamp of the latest period. It is true זכר with Lamed of the object is used even in the earliest Hebrew, but שׁפל is only authenticated by Ecc 10:6, and פּרק, to break loose = to rescue (the customary Aramaic word for redemption), by Lam 5:8, just as in the closing verse, which recurs to the beginning, "God of heaven" is a name for God belonging to the latest literature, Neh 1:4; Neh 2:4. In Psa 136:23 the praise changes suddenly to that which has been experienced very recently. The attribute in Psa 136:25 (cf. Psa 147:9; Psa 145:15) leads one to look back to a time in which famine befell them together with slavery.

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