2 Kings 15 — WBMS

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15In the seven and twentieth year of Jeroboam II, king of Israel, Azariah⁺, the son of Amaziah, king of Judah, reigned;^{Verse 2}he was of sixteen years, when he began to reign, and he reigned two and fifty years in Jerusalem; the name of his mother was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.^{Verse 3}And he did that, that was pleasant before the Lord, by all things that Amaziah, his father, had done;^{Verse 4}nevertheless he destroyed not [the] high things; yet the people made sacrifice, and burnt incense in high things.^{Verse 5}Forsooth the Lord smote the king, and he was leprous till into the day of his death; and he dwelled in an house freely by himself. Soothly Jotham, [the] son of the king, governed the palace, and deemed the people of the land.^{Verse 6}Forsooth the residue of the words of Azariah, and all things that he did, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Judah?^{Verse 7}And Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his elder men in the city of David; and Jotham, his son, reigned for him.^{Verse 8}In the eight and thirtieth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Zechariah, the son of Jeroboam, reigned upon Israel in Samaria six months.^{Verse 9}And he did that, that was evil before the Lord, as his fathers did; he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, that made Israel to do sin.^{Verse 10}Forsooth Shallum, the son of Jabesh, conspired against him in Samaria; and Shallum smote him before the people, and killed him, and reigned for him.^{Verse 11}And the residue of the words of Zechariah, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Israel?^{Verse 12}This is the word of the Lord, which he spake to Jehu, and said, Thy sons till to the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of thee of Israel; and it was done so.^{Verse 13}Shallum, the son of Jabesh, reigned in the ninth and thirty year of Azariah, king of Judah; soothly he reigned one month in Samaria.^{Verse 14}And Menahem, the son of Gadi, went up from Tirzah, and came into Samaria; and he smote Shallum, the son of Jabesh, in Samaria, and killed him, and reigned for him.^{Verse 15}Soothly the residue of the words of Shallum, and his conspiracy, by which he setted treasons, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Israel.^{Verse 16}Then Menahem smote the city Tiphsah, and all the men that were therein, and the terms thereof from Tirzah, for they would not open their gates to him⁺; and he killed all the women thereof with child, and carved them.^{Verse 17}In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Menahem, the son of Gadi, reigned upon Israel ten years in Samaria.^{Verse 18}And he did that, that was evil before the Lord; he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, that made Israel to do sin.^{Verse 19}In all the days of him, Pul, the king of Assyria, came into Tirzah. And Menahem gave to Pul a thousand talents of silver, that he should be to him into help, and should make steadfast his realm;^{Verse 20}and Menahem setted tollage of silver on Israel, to all [the] mighty men and rich, that he would give to the king of Assyria; he setted fifty shekels of silver to one man, that is, to each man; and the king of Assyria turned again, and dwelled not in Tirzah.^{Verse 21}Forsooth the residue of the words of Menahem, and all things that he did, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Israel?^{Verse 22}And Menahem slept with his fathers; and Pekahiah, his son, reigned for him.^{Verse 23}In the fiftieth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Pekahiah, the son of Menahem, reigned on Israel in Samaria two years.^{Verse 24}And he did that, that was evil before the Lord; he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, that made Israel to do sin.^{Verse 25}Forsooth Pekah, the son of Re-maliah, a duke of his host, conspired against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the tower of the king’s house, that is, the palace, besides Argob, and besides Arieh; and he smote him with fifty men of the sons of Gileadites; and Pekah killed him, and reigned for him.^{Verse 26}Soothly the residue of the words of Pekahiah, and all things that he did, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Israel?^{Verse 27}In the two and fiftieth year of Azariah, king of Judah, Pekah, the son of Remaliah, reigned [upon Israel] in Samaria twenty years.^{Verse 28}And he did that, that was evil before the Lord; he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, that made Israel to do sin.^{Verse 29}In the days of Pekah, king of Israel, Tiglathpileser, king of Assur, came, and took Ijon, and Abel, the house of Maachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, and all the land of Naphtali; and translated or brought them over into Assyrians.^{Verse 30}Forsooth Hoshea, the son of Elah, conspired, and set treasons against Pekah, the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and killed him; and he reigned for him, in the twentieth year of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, that is, the son of Azariah.^{Verse 31}Forsooth the residue of the words of Pekah, and all things that he did, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Israel?^{Verse 32}In the second year of Pekah, the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, reigned;^{Verse 33}he was of five and twenty years, when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem; the name of his mother was Jerusha, the daughter of Zadok.^{Verse 34}And he did that, that was pleasant before the Lord; he wrought by all things, that his father Uzziah had done;^{Verse 35}nevertheless he did not away [the] high things; yet the people made sacrifice, and burnt incense in high things; he builded the highest gate of the house of the Lord.^{Verse 36}Forsooth the residue of [the] words of Jotham, and all things that he did, whether these be not written in the book of [the] words of [the] days of the kings of Judah?^{Verse 37}In those days the Lord began to send into Judah Rezin, the king of Syria, and Pekah, the son of Remaliah.^{Verse 38}And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with them in the city of David, his father; and Ahaz, his son, reigned for him.

Commentary

Introduction

Azariah begins to reign over Judah, and acts well, but does not remove the high places, Kg2 15:1-4. He becomes leprous, and dies, after having reigned fifty-two years; and Jotham, his son, reigns in his stead, Kg2 15:5-7. Zachariah reigns over Israel, and acts wickedly; and Shallum conspires against him and slays him, after he had reigned six months, Kg2 15:8-12. Shallum reigns one month, and is slain by Menahem, Kg2 15:13-15. Menahem's wicked and oppressive reign; he subsidizes the king of Assyria, and dies, after having reigned ten years, Kg2 15:16-22. Pekahiah, his son, reigns in his stead; does wickedly; Pekah, one of his captains, conspires against and kills him, after he had reigned two years, Kg2 15:23-26. Pekah reigns in his stead, and acts wickedly, Kg2 15:27-28. Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria, carries into captivity the inhabitants of many cities, Kg2 15:29. Hoshea conspires against and slays Pekah, after he had reigned twenty years; and reigns in his stead, Kg2 15:30, Kg2 15:31. Jotham beans to reign over Judah; he reigns well; dies after a reign of sixteen years, and is succeeded by his son Ahaz, Kg2 15:32-38.

In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam - Dr. Kennicott complains loudly here, because of "the corruption in the name of this king of Judah, who is expressed by four different names in this chapter: Ozriah, Oziah, Ozrihu, and Ozihu. Our oldest Hebrew MS. relieves us here by reading truly, in Kg2 15:1, Kg2 15:6, Kg2 15:7, עזיהו Uzziah, where the printed text is differently corrupted. This reading is called true, 1. Because it is supported by the Syriac and Arabic versions in these three verses. 2. Because the printed text itself has it so in Kg2 15:32, Kg2 15:34 of this very chapter. 3. Because it is so expressed in the parallel place in Chronicles; and, 4. Because it is not Αζαριας, Azariah, but Οζιας, Oziah, (Uzziah), in St. Matthew's genealogy." There are insuperable difficulties in the chronology of this place. The marginal note says, "This is the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam's partnership in the kingdom with his father, who made him consort at his going to the Syrian wars. It is the sixteenth year of Jeroboam's monarchy." Dr. Lightfoot endeavors to reconcile this place with Kg2 14:16, Kg2 14:17, thus: "At the death of Amaziah, his son and heir Uzziah was but four years old, for he was about sixteen in Jeroboam's twenty-seventh year; therefore, the throne must have been empty eleven years, and the government administered by protectors while Uzziah was in his minority." Learned men are not agreed concerning the mode of reconciling these differences; there is probably some mistake in the numbers. I must say to all the contending chronologers: - Non nostrum inter vos tantas componere lites. When such men disagree, I can't decide.

He did that which was right - It is said, Ch2 26:5, that he sought the Lord in the days of Zechariah the prophet, and God made him to prosper; that he fought against the Philistines; broke down the walls of Gath, Jabneh, and Ashdod; prevailed over the Arabians and Mehunims; and that the Ammonites paid him tribute; and his dominion extended abroad, even to the entering in of Egypt; that he built towers in Jerusalem, at the corner gate, valley gate, and turning of the wall; and built towers also in the desert, and digged many wells; that he had a very strong and well-regulated military force, which he provided with a well-stocked arsenal; and constructed many military engines to shoot arrows and project great stones; and that his fame was universally spread abroad.

The Lord smote the king, so that he was a leper - The reason of this plague is well told in the above quoted chapter, Ch2 26:16. That his heart being elated, he went into the temple to burn incense upon the altar, assuming to himself the functions of the high priest; that Azariah the priest, with fourscore others, went in after him, to prevent him; and that while they were remonstrating against his conduct, the Lord struck him with the leprosy, which immediately appeared on his forehead; that they thrust him out as an unclean person; and that he himself hurried to get out, feeling that the Lord had smitten him; that he was obliged to dwell in a house by himself, being leprous, to the day of his death; and that during this time the affairs of the kingdom were administered by his son Jotham. A poet, ridiculing the conduct of those who, without an episcopal ordination, think they have authority from God to dispense all the ordinances of the Church, expresses himself thus: - But now the warm enthusiast cries, The office to myself I take; Offering the Christian sacrifice, Myself a lawful priest I make: To me this honor appertains, No need of man when God ordains. [Some go into the contrary extreme, and in effect say, no need of God when Man ordains.] Though kings may not so far presume, 'Tis no presumption in a clown, And, lo, without a call from Rome, My flail or hammer I lay down; And if my order's name ye seek, Come, see a new Melchisedek! Ye upstart (men-made) priests, your sentence know, The marks you can no longer hide; Your daring deeds too plainly show The loathsome leprosy of pride; And if ye still your crime deny, Who lepers live shall lepers die. Charles Wesley. This is very severe, but applies to every man who, through pride, presumption, or the desire of gain, enters into the priest's office, though he have the utmost authority that the highest ecclesiastical officer can confer.

Smote him before the people - In some public assembly: he probably became very unpopular.

This was the word of the Lord - unto Jehu - God had promised to Jehu that his sons should sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generation; and so it came to pass, for Jehoahaz, Joash, Jeroboam, and Zachariah, succeeded Jehu, to whom this promise was made. But because he executed the Divine purpose with an uncommanded cruelty, therefore God cut his family short, according to his word by Hosea, I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu; and I will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel, Hos 1:4.

He reigned a full month - Menahem is supposed to have been one of Zachariah's generals. Hearing of the death of his master, when he was with the troops at Tirzah, he hastened to Samaria, and slew the murderer, and had himself proclaimed in his stead. But, as the people of Tiphsah did not open their gates to him, he took the place by assault; and as the text tells us, practiced the most cruel barbarities, even ripping up the women that were with child!

Pul, the king of Assyria - This is the first time we hear of Assyria since the days of Nimrod, its founder, Gen 10:11. Dean Prideaux supposes that this Pul was father of the famous Sardanapalus, the son himself being called Sardan; to which, as was frequent in those times, the father's name, Pul, was added, making Sardanpul of which the Greeks and Latins made Sardanapalus; and this Pul is supposed to be the same that reigned in Nineveh when Jonah preached the terrors of the Lord to that city. That his hand - That is, his power and influence, might be with him: in this sense is the word hand frequently used in Scripture.

Each man fifty shekels of silver - Upwards of five pounds sterling a man.

Are they not written in - the chronicles - There are no chronicles extant, in which there is any thing farther relative to this king.

Smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's house, with Argob and Arieh - Who Argob and Arieh were we know not; some make them men, some make them statues. Pekah had fifty Gileadites in the conspiracy with him.

Came Tiglath-pileser - He is supposed to have been the successor of Sardanapalus: Dean Prideaux makes him the same with Arbaces, called by Aelian Thilgamus, and by Usher Ninus junior; who, together with Belesis, headed the conspiracy against Sardanapalus, and fixed his seat at Nineveh, the ancient residence of the Assyrian kings; as did Belesis, who is called, in Isa 39:1, Baladan, fix his at Babylon. Took Ijon - These places belonged to Israel; and were taken by Ben-hadad, king of Syria, when he was in league with Asa, king of Judah. See Kg1 15:20. They were regained by Jeroboam the second; and now they are taken from Israel once more by Tiglath-pileser. From Ch1 5:26, we learn that Pul and Tiglath-pileser, kings of Assyria, carried away into captivity the two tribes of Reuben, and Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh; all that belonged to Israel, on the other side of Jordan. These were never restored to Israel.

Hoshea the son of Elah - in the twentieth year of Jotham - There are many difficulties in the chronology of this place. To reconcile the whole, Calmet says: "Hoshea conspired against Pekah, the twentieth year of the reign of this prince, which was the eighteenth after the beginning of the reign of Jotham, king of Judah. Two years after this, that is, the fourth year of Ahaz, and the twentieth of Jotham, Hoshea made himself master of a part of the kingdom, according to Kg2 15:30. Finally, the twelfth year of Ahaz, Hoshea had peaceable possession of the whole kingdom, according to Kg2 17:1."

Now the rest of the acts of Jotham - These acts are distinctly stated in Ch2 27:1-9. He built the high gate of the house of the Lord, and he built much on the wall of Ophel. He built cities in the mountains of Judah; and in the forests he built castles and towers. He overthrew the Ammonites; and obliged them to give him one hundred talents of silver, ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley, for three consecutive years. He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years. These are the particulars which we learn from the place in Chronicles quoted above; few of which are mentioned in this place. As to the higher gate of the house of the Lord, commentators are not well agreed: some think it was a gate which he then made, and which did not exist before, and is the same that is called the new gate, Jer 26:10, which is very likely.

In those days the Lord began to send - It was about this time that the Assyrian wars, so ruinous to the Jews, began; but it was in the following reigns that they arrived at their highest pitch of disaster to those unfaithful and unfortunate people. However much we may blame the Jews for their disobedience and obstinacy, yet we cannot help feeling for them under their severe afflictions. Grievously they have sinned, and grievously have they suffered for it. And if they be still objects of God's judgments, there is revelation to believe that they will yet be objects of God's goodness. Many think the signs of the times are favorable to this ingathering; but there is no evidence among the people themselves that the day of their redemption is at hand. They do not humble themselves; they do not seek the Lord.

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